As Bitcoin adoption grows, the base layer is becoming increasingly expensive and more technically challenging. Block space is scarce, and fees are always expected to rise. Onboarding directly into self-custodial Bitcoin also requires unintuitive background knowledge in Bitcoin such as UTXO management, blind signing, monitoring mempool, liquidity management, fee rate calculation, etc. At the same time, new users—especially in developing regions—are eager to experience Bitcoin’s full potential, whether as an ultra-fast payment method through the Lightning Network or as a resilient and trustless store of value. The more practical solution is to receive or buy bitcoin-backed certificates issued by a …